The Romance of Chivalry

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Many people have admired the history of chivalry for its fascinating stories and heroic ideals. Tales of knights performing brave deeds in splendid tournaments,...

The Desire for Liberty

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The author of a late History of the Reign of Philip Augustus observes that the desire for freedom appeared in almost all countries around...

Prefatory Essay

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The Role of Virtue and Vice in History In the early centuries, the strict and disciplined life of the first monks, called cenobites, helped establish...

Street Dogs With Intelligence and Territory

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The stray dogs of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) are not only survivors — they are also intelligent. These animals seem to understand their environment very...

Dogs Protected by Belief

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The stray dogs of Constantinople (now Istanbul) are not just ignored—they are protected by strong religious beliefs. Many Muslims in the city believe that...

The Dogs and Firemen of Constantinople

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The dogs and firemen of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) are well known. Tourists often talk about them because they are very different from what people...

Immediately robbed

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